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慢一点更安全

2017-09-20 21:54:44作者：世界卫生组织责任编辑：雨涵点击量：
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2017年5月8-14日是联合国第四届全球道路安全周。今年我们关注速度管理，呼吁减速慢行。

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杨紫琼女士

联合国开发计划署亲善大使

“安全抵达比快速到达更重要。开快车让你自己和其他路人陷入危险，也把家人推到了担心和痛苦的边缘。请做一位有责任感的驾驶员，减速慢行，保护自己和脆弱的交通参与者。你的选择，关乎生死。”

慢一点，更安全

减速慢行，是一个系统性的工程，需要设施、车辆、政策等各方面的改善，更需要每一位交通参与者的行动支持。今年，世卫组织与公安部、中国疾控中心等伙伴一起倡导减速慢行，也非常高兴看到滴滴、小蓝、摩拜等出行企业对联合国第四届全球道路安全周的支持。

机动车驾驶人要遵守规则、放慢速度、尊重礼让其他交通参与者；同时，骑车、走路的人在参与交通时留心周围环境，注意安全。

“如果你放弃开车而选择了骑车，恭喜你选择了健康和环保。但请一定保证自己安全！戴好头盔、穿亮色衣服，在晚上骑车一定要用夜灯。”

——杨紫琼女士

联合国开发计划署亲善大使

为何关注速度

在道路上有7种高危行为因素，是可以通过立法执法和宣传教育得到改善的，包括超速、酒驾、药驾、分心、不系安全带、不使用儿童约束装置、骑摩托车不戴头盔。速度是交通事故和伤害的核心问题。全球每年125万人死于道路交通伤害，而其中三分之一都与速度过快（超过规定限速）或速度不当（未超过限速但不适宜当时路况）有关。

速度越快，事故越惨，死亡风险越高。平均车速降低5%，致死性交通事故能减少30%。

如何管理速度

速度管理包括一系列综合措施：

道路

在对道路的设计或重新设计中，应涵盖针对速度管理的措施，如：环状交叉路，减速丘、振动减速带等。纽约在全城1500个交叉路口安装了行人倒计时信号灯，还设置了75个学校周边限速区，这些措施能使碰撞行人事件和道路交通碰撞总数减少 25-51%。

限速

根据每条道路的功能制定适合的速度限制。当机动车与行人和骑行者混行时，建议行驶速度低于30公里/小时。非洲曾开展项目，改善基础设施、将机动车限速降至30公里/小时或以下、提供安全的步行空间，成功将儿童道路交通伤害率降低了26%。

执法

执法是保证限速措施有效的关键。2002-2010年间，法国政府宣布严格执行交通法规的方案，并安装了大量测速装置。该方案避免了约1.5万例道路交通死亡和6.2万例道路交通伤害的发生。

车辆

车辆安全技术可大大有助于改善道路安全。智能车速辅助（ISA）技术可以帮助驾驶者更好地遵守限速规定，当行驶速度高于所告示的速度限制时对驾驶者加以提醒。自主紧急制动（AEB）系统可以帮助驾驶者避免或减轻与其他车辆或弱势道路使用者的碰撞。

意识

提高对超速行驶的危险的认识。从相关职责部门到每一个交通参与者，让全社会进一步认识到超速的危险，对速度管理行动有很大推动。

点击“阅读原文”，加入世卫组织倡导，参与全球“道路安全周”，支持减速慢行，你还在犹豫什么？

Slow Down – United Nations’ 4th Global Road Safety Week

8-14 May 2017 is the United Nation’s 4th Global Road Safety Week. This year the focus is on speed and we call for slowing down.

Ms Michelle Yeoh, United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador, sends drivers a reminder: “Arriving safely is more important than arriving quickly. Driving too fast puts yourself and others on the road in danger, and puts families on the edge of loss and suffering. If you drive, please be a responsible driver – slow down, protect yourself and vulnerable road users. Your life may depend on it.”

Slow Down, Be Safe

Slowing down requires a holistic APProach including improvement of infrastructure, vehicles, and policies, but would be impossible without the support of road users. This year WHO is calling for slowing down together with long-term partners including the Ministry of Public Security and China CDC. WHO is also delighted to see the support of Didi, Bluegogo, and Mobike to the United Nations’ 4th Global Road Safety Week.

Drivers need to observe the rules, slow down and respect other road users; bike riders and pedestrians need to be aware of their surroundings in traffic and stay safe.

Ms Michelle Yeoh reminds you: “If you choose cycling instead of riding, you are choosing health and environment. But please always make sure you arrive safely! Always wear a helmet and wear bright clothes, and at night be sure to use bike lights.”

Why speed?

There are 7 risky behaviours related to road safety which can be addressed with strong laws, better design, and education. The 7 risky behaviours are speeding, drink-driving, drug-driving, distracted driving, not wearing a motorcycle helmet, not using seat belts or child restraints. Speed is at the core of road traffic injury problems. Road traffic injuries that claim about 1.25 million lives every year globally and speed contributes to one out of every three of these tragedies.

The higher the speed, the worse the crash, and the higher the risk of death. If a driver were to reduce their speed by just 5%, 30% of fatal crashes can be avoided.

How to manage speed?

Speed management encompasses a range of integrated measures.

Road design. Speed management measures should be reflected in road design or redesign, including roundabouts, speed bumps, and rumble strips. New York City has installed pedestrian countdown signals at 1,500 intersections citywide and implemented 75 additional school speed zones. These measures have been credited with reducing pedestrian collisions and total road traffic crashes by 25–51%.

Speed Limits. Establish speed limits appropriate to the function of each road. When motorized vehicles mixed with people on foot or bike, maximum speeds should be under 30km/h. A road safety program in Africa including improvements in infrastructure, reducing vehicle speeds to 30km/h or less and providing safe walking spaces. It resulted in a 26% absolute reduction in road traffic injuries among children.

Enforcement. Enforcement is essential to make speed limits effective. From 2002-2010, the French government announced its plans to implement more severe penalties for traffic violations and installed a large number of radar devices. About 15,000 road traffic deaths and 62,000 road traffic injuries were averted.

Car design. Vehicle safety technologies can greatly help improve safety on the road. Intelligent speed assistance (ISA) can help improve drivers’ compliance with speed limits by alerting them when they are travelling above the posted speed limit. Autonomous emergency braking (AEB) can help drivers avoid or mitigate collisions with other vehicles or vulnerable road users.

Awareness.Raise awareness about the dangers of speeding. Improved awareness about the risk associated with speeding among every corner of the society, from the government authorities to each road user, is essential to speed management.